In the 60s-70s of the 20th century, with the accentuation of the process of Romania’s distancing from Moscow, the Soviet-Romanian historiographical disputes also intensified. It was about important moments in the history of Romanian-Russian and Soviet-Romanian relations: incorporation of Bessarabia in 1812 to tsarist empire; the union of Bessarabia and Bukovina with Romania in 1918; Romanian-Soviet relations during the interwar period; the ultimatum of June 1940 of the Soviet government to Romania, followed by the incorporation to the Soviet Union of Bessarabia, Bukovina and Herta land; Romania’s participation alongside Nazi Germany in the war against the Soviet Union and the formation of “Moldavian people”, the “Moldavian language”, “Moldavian statehood” etc. In this study are presented a number of disputes of the historians from Romania with Soviet historians, mostly from Moldavian SSR, and also with the communist government in Chisinau.