According to the author of this article, the level of literacy of the population of a country depends on the cultural policy promoted by state institutions and its development possibilities. The author shows that one of the problems faced by the authorities in Interwar Bessarabia following the adoption of compulsory primary education was insufficient school premises. At the beginning of the Twentieth century, compared with the previous period, in Bessarabia was an increase in the number of ministerial and Zemstvo schools with teaching in Russian. But their number was so small that a primary school was for a few localities. Only after teaching staff congresses in 1917, Bessarabia starts a new process, the establishment of national primary schools. After the Union of 1918 and the integration of Bessarabia in Romania this process becomes widespread. Following the central government cooperation with local private initiative were built, purchased or rented premises for schools in most of Bessarabian villages.