The objective of this study was to evaluate, by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers, the genetic relationship among a wild population of O. vulgare subsp. vulgare (one of the most variable species of the genus) from the spontaneous flora of Moldova. Seven genotypes of O. vulgare subsp. vulgare, collected from a natural site in Orheiul Vechi, were used for this study. Tested primers generated a total of 257 RAPD fragments, ranging in size from 250 to 5000 base pairs. The studied genotypes of O. vulgare subsp. vulgare are characterized by a high genetic variability, a number of 14 specific, 40 polymorphic and only 13 common bands have been revealed. The high degree of genetic polymorphism was established in the analysis with primer OPA19, in the presence of which 4 specific, 9 polymorphic and no common bands were detected, followed by OPG05, which generated 14 bands, including 3 - common, 6 - specific and 5 - polymorphic. According to the electrophoretic profiles in the case of genotypes O. vulgare subsp. vulgare 1 and O. vulgare subsp. vulgare 5 a number of 13 common and 40 polymorphic bands were revealed. One specific band for genotypes 2 and 4 and two specific bands for genotype O. vulgare subsp. vulgare 3 have been observed. The high degree of genetic diversity was observed for genotypes 6 and 7,which are distinguished by the presence of 4 and, respectively, 6 specific bands. This study showed that with the help of the RAPD technique one can easily discriminate closely related individual members and even different populations of medicinal plants.