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069.5:903.2"638"(478) (1) |
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SM ISO690:2012 TOPAL, Denis, DERMENJI, Lazari. Archaeometric study of Early and Middle Scythian arrowheads from the National Museum of History of Moldova. In: Artefacte, tehnologii şi materii prime în spaţiul tiso-nistrean în epoca fierului”, colocviu de vară, Ed. Editia 1, 27-30 iulie 2023, Chişinău. Chişinău: Casa Editorial-Poligrafică „Bons Offices”, 2023, pp. 147-173. ISBN 978-9975-87-746-6. |
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Artefacte, tehnologii şi materii prime în spaţiul tiso-nistrean în epoca fierului”, colocviu de vară 2023 | |||||||
Conferința "Artefacte, tehnologii şi materii prime în spaţiul tiso-nistrean în epoca fierului”, colocviu de vară (2023; Saharna)" Editia 1, Chişinău, Moldova, 27-30 iulie 2023 | |||||||
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CZU: 069.5:903.2"638"(478) | |||||||
Pag. 147-173 | |||||||
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According to preliminary estimates, at least 5 600 bronze cast arrowheads of Scythian type from nearly four hundred assemblages coming from one and a half hundred sites have been documented between the Eastern Carpathians, the Bărăgan Steppe, the Northern Dobruja, Bukovina and the Dniester basin. They are mainly (76 per cent of specimens) dated back to the Classical period of the late 5th - early 3rd centuries BC. Four burials from Strășeni, Cioburciu, Cuconeștii Vechi and OgorodnoeHorodne, scattered from the forest steppe of Moldova to the south of Budjak steppe, mark the early stage of the Scythian penetration into the region no later than the middle of the 7th century BC. Two of these burials contained arrowheads currently stored in the National Museum of History of Moldova (NMHM) collection. In addition to these arrowheads, the Museum’s collection also contains stray finds of early Scythian arrowheads from the territory of the Republic of Moldova. As part of this study, an XRF analysis was carried out, and the results were compared with data on the composition of the alloy of Middle Scythian arrowheads from burials of the late 6th - early 5th centuries BC near Suruceni and Pîrjolteni. Obviously, the early Scythian arrowheads differ in shape, size, and weight from the Middle Scythian ones – e.g., the average weight of the studied arrowheads of the Early Scythian period is about 5 g, the average weight of the Middle Scythian ones is 1.6 g. The composition of the alloy also differs: the average values of copper are higher for the Early Scythian arrowheads, while the presence of antimony (Sb) is less pronounced – an average of 0.4% compared with 5.8% for the Middle Scythian. At the same time, the presence of other trace impurities is much more pronounced, especially nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and bismuth (Bi). The complete absence of bismuth excludes the possibility of comparing the Middle Scythian production with both the “Eastern” and “North Caucasian” groups, probably from the beginning of the Middle Scythian period, both the recipe and the sources of raw materials changed. Thus, we can formulate as a working hypothesis the change from “Caucasian” to “Western” alloys in the middle of the 6th century BC. |
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Cuvinte-cheie Arrowheads, early Scythian period, Middle Scythian period, Iron age, bronze alloys, XRF, наконечники стрел, раннескифский период, среднескифский период, железный век, бронзовые сплавы, XRF |
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