Pathogens of the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium are repre-sented by numerous fungi species that are ubiquitous. Many of them are obligate or faculta-tive pests of agricultural plants causing enormous economic losses. The range of host plants affected by these species is very wide, and the damage caused is very significant. Pathogens can destroy from 50 to 90% of grain and vegetable crops. Sources of infection are seed ma-terial, soil, dead remains of diseased plants, agricultural machinery and equipment. Fungi infect plants in fields and greenhouses, provoking the fall of leaves and ovaries, growth stag-nation, drying of crops. In addition, fungi of the genera Alternaria, Penicillium and Fusarium are able to infect harvested crops in storage, which leads to a change in the organoleptic properties of products, loss of marketable quality and decay. Most fungi of these genera are producers of mycotoxins, secondary metabolites that bring a serious danger to human health. Mycotoxins have varying degrees of toxicity, some of them are capable of provoking not only toxicosis and allergic reactions, but also necrotic lesions of organs and tissues, oncogenic processes in animals and humans. That is why these substances are under the strong control of the phytosanitary services of the European Union countries, and their permissible concen-trations in food products are strictly regulated [1]. Thus, the timely detection of pathogenic fungi on agricultural crops makes it possible to use adequate methods to manage them, which will not only preserve the yield and productivity of cultivated plants, but also have a positive effect on the ecological state of soils and groundwater making it possible to limit the use of excess amounts of fungicides and other chemicals. This work is dedicated to the identificati-on of fungal pathogens of these genera in winter wheat crops from the moment of tillering to the full maturation of seeds. The main research method is nested-PCR using species-specific primers.