The article reveals some interpretations of the nature of the federalism, its consequences and its relations with the concept of confederalism. As the nation has not faced such great governance challenge since the end of the last world war, the ensurance of a balanced perspective of federalism is mandatory. As homeland security policy evolves, a necessary condition for ensuring the safety of the nation and its citizens is the implementa- tion of the reform agenda. Federalism is a governance system that ensures constitutional division of powers between a federal government and its federating units in such a way that these two sets of government function share exclusive political domains for the achievement of common goals. Federalism is well-suited for a country having a large area, population and regional identities, because it guarantees a considerable degree of autonomy and exclusive political domain for the federation units. Thus the regional and ethnic identities hold an assured preservation, protec- tion and prosperity through self-governance. The article argues the ideea that in the federal states the study of mechanisms of inter-governmental cooperation are higly relevant, becoming mandatory in the some cases.