Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. VAP is a major problem in neonatal care, as it is considered to be the main cause of infection-related death in the NICU. The goal of the study was to determine the characteristics and rick factors for VAP in critically newborns, as well as to determine the main bacterial agents involved in VAP, in order to initiate the specific treatment as soon as possible. Materials and methods: This study was performed on a group of 75 patients hospitalized in NICU at IMSP IMsC, during 2015 year, without any respiratory surgical pathology, with age up to one month, who received mechanical ventilation (VAP) more than 48 hours. These children were divided into 2 groups, clinically and paraclinically evaluated. Results: The study results demonstrates that mechanical ventilation cause an increased risk for VAP, as higher as the exposure to mechanical ventilation increase and decrease the gestational age and birth weight. The most involved bacteria in pathological process seems to be gram – negative species which would allow us to improve approaching tactics. Considering that these children require more special and more frequent use of invasive care methods, which in itself represents a risk factor for VAP, and high risk of death among newborns, this nosology deserve more attention in order to improve therapeutic management.

Вентилятор-ассоциированная пневмония (ВАП) считается внутрибольничной пневмонией у больных находяшихся на искусственной вентиляции легких. ВАП является одной из основных проблем в уходе за новорожденными в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии новорожденных. Считается наиболее важной инфекционной причиной смерти у новорожденных. Цель исследования: Целью данного исследования было изучение факторов риска, клинических и лабораторных особенностей ВАП у новорожденных в критическом состоянии, а также выявление бактериальных агентов вызываюших ВАП, с целью начала специфического антибактериального лечения на ранней стадии.