The main purpose of this article is to present the different perspectives and approaches in patenting human genetic material. Nowadays patenting human genetic material is legitimate if the following criteria are provided: the invention applied for patenting should be novel, non-obvious, present an inventive step and have industrial applicability. However, there are also a lot of critics and limitations, mostly because of ethical prejudices but also because of the broad form of this kind of patents. Comparison of the most important treaties such as CBD, TRIPS, HUGO etc. were used so as to underline the importance of this topic and to find answers to the controversial and problematic art of these kind of patents. This topic has also a great importance in the context of product diversification and ethical problems in international trade.