In the context of the desideratum of Republic of Moldova regarding the adhering to the European Union the modernization of the transport compartment has an important role, especially the traffic security enhancement aspect. International practice proves that the situation in this field can be improved by creating and applying an advanced management system of the road security, up-to-date and durable for the road infrastructure, which should include adequate and efficient legal and institutional stipulations, as well as techniques or methods that will be used by the agencies in charge for the organization of road traffic. The present study, basing on a complex analysis of the agents influencing the system in which traffic participants act, identifies the responsibilities of public authorities in creating the national road traffic security management system in the following fields: training and informing road traffic participants, traffic legislature and regulations, controlling and penalizing, road infrastructure development, emergency and medical assistance services’ organization.