In the article are reflected some aspects of the activity of the Society of Cultural Enlightenment – Făclia, led by the renowned national militant Basil Ţanţu. The Society carried out its activity during a crucial period for the historical fate of the Romanian historical province between Prut and Dniester rivers/between January and March 1918. It tells about the historical context of the establishment of the Society, its founders and structure, its multiple involvement in the rebirth of the Romanian spirituality through the organization of the studying of Romanian language, propagation of literature, theater, national music, through the support of amateur artists etc. Făclia Society contributed substantially to the strengthening of the national consciousness of Bessarabian Romanians, to the preparation and the unification of Bessarabia with Romania.