In the article are exposed, in general, military actions that took place during World War I on the Eastern Front, and, in particular, in the southwest of this front. Following the evolution of military operations, we found that on the largest part of the territory of Bessarabia there was not conducted warfare. Battles took place only in the north of Hotin County, between Russian and the Austro-Hungarian forces, the latter occupying several times this area of the county. Also, a number of Bessarabian towns were bombed by enemy’s airplanes. Fierce fighting took place in February- March 1918, in Bender and the southern Bessarabia, where Romanian troops, coming to help at the request of the Sfatul Ţării, made hard efforts to annihilate the Bolshevik forces and to pacify the province, introducing order instead of established anarchy.