O biectiv: evaluarea debutului clinic, a gazelor sangvine, incidentei morbiditatii, mortalitatii si complicatiilor la nou-nascutii prematuri ventilati mecanic. Material si metoda: studiu retro-prospectiv a 226 prematuri internati in centrul de terapie intensiva neonatala de nivel III, in perioada 2005-2007: lotul I – 143 cazuri doar ventilate mecanic si lotul II – 23 cazuri cu ventilatie mecanica si administrare de Curosurf. Rezultate: cele 2 loturi au fost comparabile ca varsta de gestatie, greutate si severitate a simptomelor clinice. S-a constatat o mai buna ameliorare a functiei respiratorii (evidentiata de evaluarea FiO2 necesar, presiunii medii si indicelui de oxigen) pentru lotul II, la 24 ore (p<0,05) dar si la 48h (p<0,01). Durata medie a ventilatiei mecanice a scazut de la 14 zile in lotul I la 10 zile daca s-a asociat si administrarea surfactantului. Complicatiile au prezentat incidente similare: hemoragia intraventriculara (36% vs. 34%), Hemoragia pulmonara (12% vs. 15%), pneumotoraxul (12% vs. 13%), displazia bronhopulmonara (10% vs. 6%), dar cu o incidenta semnificativ mai crescuta a retinopatiei in lotul I (p<0,02). 31 cazuri au decedat in lotul I si 19 in lotul II. Concluzii: una din cele mai importante si eficace terapii in neonatologie este ventilatia mecanica, iar in asociere cu administrarea de surfactant poate conduce la o evolutie favorabila mai precoce si rapida a bolii, fara influentarea semnificativa a complicatiilor.

Objective: to evaluate early clinical course, arterial blood gases, morbidity and mortality rate, complications of prematurity in premature infants who received mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress. Material and methods: a retro-prospective study of 226 premature babies addmitted in a 3 years period (2005-2007) in a level III NICU – group I – 143 babies with mechanical ventilation alone and group II – mechanical ventilated and with Curosurf administration. Results: Although the two groups were comparable for birth weight, gestational age and severity of respiratory distress, a greater improvement in respiratory function (as evidence by FiO2, mean airway pressure and oxygen index) were observed in group II from 24 hours (p<0,05) trrough 48 hours (p<0,01). The medial duration of ventilatory support was shorter in group II versus group I (10 vs. 14 days). Morbidity rate showed almost similar values in intraventricular hemorrhage (36% vs. 34%), pulmonary hemorrhage (12% vs. 15%), pneumothorax (12% vs. 13%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (10% vs. 6%), but a higher incidence of retinopathy (p<0,02) in group I. 31 infants died in group I and 19 in group II. Conclusion: one of the most important and effective therapy in neonatology is mechanical ventilation. Combined with surfactant therapy it can lead to a significant faster response in the early course of disease, but no significant influence on complications.