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SM ISO690:2012 SPIRLICENCO, Vladislav. Relații de dependență în contextul Războiului Rece
. In: Revista Moldovenească de Drept Internaţional şi Relaţii Internaţionale, 2011, nr. 4, pp. 103-110. ISSN 1857-1999. |
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Revista Moldovenească de Drept Internaţional şi Relaţii Internaţionale | ||||||
Numărul 4 / 2011 / ISSN 1857-1999 /ISSNe 2345-1963 | ||||||
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Pag. 103-110 | ||||||
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This article aims to provide a brief introduction to dependency theory offering examples taken from the Cold War period. Basic principles and first authors who have initiated the research in this new field of international relations are presented in the given research; among them we could find Raúl Prebisch, Paul Baran and Immanuel Wallerstein. The occurrence of this new theory in the system of international relations during the period of 1960 - 1970 has been caused by the necessity of an explanation of existing relations for which the inequality and dependence of times of cold war were characteristic, so that later it could be applied to any period where such patterns prevailed.
The basic idea of dependency is the state of an entity which is basing itself on someone or it is controlled by someone, or a geographical area which is politically controlled by a distant country.
At first, the article defines the basic tendency of the Cold War, and namely the spread of influence of one particular block in the vacuum of power that resulted after the Second World War. In order to spread this influence, the antagonistic blocks resorted to various methods and tools, one of which was the establishment of dependency relations between the newly created states or the former colonies. Besides of a source of new allies during the Cold War, this fact permitted the creation of a reliable source of economic profits at a reduced price for developed countries.
Further, the article examines the effects of dependency relations for the involved countries. Thus, this relationship allowed to the one of the involved blocks the appointing of the allied dictators in a particular region or country, which were implementing all the indications received from the centre (the dominant countries). Therefore, a given country acted for the benefit of one of these blocks. Alternatively, if circumstances allowed such actions, asymmetric economic agreements, which in most of the cases were favouring the developed countries, were maintained.
Also, the tools that were used to establish dependency relationships between countries are reflected in the article. These were various diplomatic, economic (conclusion of asymmetric treaties) manoeuvres and even military actions. Other methods that lead to an enslaving state of dependency were direct foreign investments, loans regulated by agreements, with a number of conditions attached that must be met for granting the requested loan. All these methods are analyzed; in fact, this article contains an explanation of the role of each instrument in the creation of relationships between central and peripheral states.
In the future, to prove these allegations and the principles of dependency theory, the article provides an analysis of individual cases that were occurred during the Cold War. Hence, we considered two dominant countries, the USA and the USSR, whose actions were typical to the developed countries, which formed the dependency relationships with the developing peripheral countries. Thus, for explaining these tactics there were used cases of relations between the United States, USSR with Latin America countries such as Chile, Brazil, Cuba, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala; countries from African region: Egypt, Ghana, Algeria, countries from the Middle East region: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Israel and Asian countries: India and Indonesia.
After the analysis of these cases the examples of application of the principles of dependency theory during the Cold War have been submitted, however, conclusions regarding the examination of trends in international relations theory have been developed. Further, these findings may be supplemented and applied to other case studies within the context of realities of international relations. |
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